AUTHOR=Yunoki Marina , Kondo Shumpei , Otsuka Masaki , Tokura Yoshiki 

TITLE=Case report: Generalized granuloma annulare successfully treated with baricitinib in two cases

JOURNAL=Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/journal-of-cutaneous-immunology-and-allergy/articles/10.3389/jcia.2024.13892

DOI=10.3389/jcia.2024.13892

ISSN=2574-4593

ABSTRACT=<p>Treatments are challenging in generalized granuloma annulare. We reported two cases of generalized granuloma annulare without diabetes mellitus; one exhibited non-annular papules and the other did patch/annular lesions. Since they were refractory to multiple treatments, we treated them with JAK inhibitor baricitinib at 2 mg daily. After 1–2-month treatment, they responded well to baricitinib with good tolerance. Given increased JAK1 signaling, high interferon-α and -γ production and macrophage activation in granuloma annulare, JAK inhibitors are considered to be a reasonable choice for recalcitrant generalized granuloma annulare. In addition to the reported cases, our two cases further support the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors for generalized granuloma annulare.</p>