AUTHOR=Garrouste Cyril , Poirier Philippe , Uro-Coste Charlotte , Iriart Xavier , Kamar Nassim , Bonhomme Julie , Calvar Eve , Le Gal Solène , Lanfranco Luca , Autier Brice , Rakoff Lucien , Durieux Marie-Fleur , Danthu Clément , Morio Florent , Deltombe Clément , Moreno-Sabater Alicia , Ouali Nacera , Costa Damien , Bertrand Dominique , Chesnay Adélaïde , Gatault Philippe , Rabodonirina Meja , Morelon Emmanuel , Dumortier Jérôme , Sitterlé Emilie , Scemla Anne , Hamane Samia , Cachera Laurène , Damiani Céline , Poulain Coralie , L’Ollivier Coralie , Moal Valérie , Delhaes Laurence , Kaminski Hannah , Cateau Estelle , Ecotière Laure , Brunet Julie , Caillard Sophie , Valot Stéphane , Tinel Claire , Argy Nicolas , Raimbourg Quentin , Robert Marie Gladys , Noble Johan , Boignard Aude , Botterel Françoise , Matignon Marie , Bellanger Anne-Pauline , Crépin Thomas , Leroy Jordan , Lionet Arnaud , Debourgogne Anne , Nicolas Muriel , Claudéon Joëlle , Moniot Maxime , Lambert Céline , Nourrisson Céline
TITLE=Fumagillin Shortage: How to Treat Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in 2024?
JOURNAL=Transplant International
VOLUME=37
YEAR=2024
URL=https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/journals/transplant-international/articles/10.3389/ti.2024.13518
DOI=10.3389/ti.2024.13518
ISSN=1432-2277
ABSTRACT=Intestinal microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an opportunistic infection that especially affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Management revolves around tapering the immunosuppressive regimen and/or using a specific anti-microsporidia treatment, but only fumagillin has demonstrated efficacy for treatment of this infection. Since fumagillin has been commercially discontinued, nitazoxanide is increasingly being used in this indication. We aimed to describe therapeutic management of E. bieneusi infections in this context. We conducted a French nationwide observational retrospective study on reported cases of E. bieneusi infections in SOT recipients. We identified 154 cases: 64 (41.6%) were managed by simply modifying the immunosuppressive regimen, 54 (35.1%) were given fumagillin, and 36 (23.4%) were given nitazoxanide. Clinical remission rate ranged from 77.8% to 90.7% and was not significantly different between therapeutic strategies but tended to be lower with nitazoxanide. Stool negativization rate was highest with fumagillin (91.7%) and lowest with nitazoxanide (28.6%). Relapses occurred in 6.9% of cases and were more frequent with nitazoxanide (14.3%). This study shows that tapering immunosuppression can result in a satisfactory remission rate but is sometimes accompanied by relapses. Nitazoxanide had limited effectiveness, whereas fumagillin had good results that provide a solid rationale for bringing fumagillin back to market.
Trial Registration NumberClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05417815.